Climate Adaptation, Resilience, and Recovery

Extreme weather is increasingly taking its toll on cities. Low-income communities, which may have fewer trees and parks and more paved surfaces than wealthier, greener neighborhoods, are often hit hardest by flooding and temperatures 5 to 8 degrees hotter on average.

Funding Sources

  • Safeguarding Tomorrow through Ongoing Risk Mitigation (STORM) Act

    Resilience and mitigation spending saves taxpayers more than $6 for every $1 invested. But the majority of current disaster relief programs focus on post-disaster response, rather than pre-disaster mitigation, preparation, and resilience. The Safeguarding Tomorrow through Ongoing Risk Mitigation (STORM) Act creates a new “resilience revolving loan fund” program modeled after similar water programs (the Clean Water and Drinking Water State Revolving Funds) and will spur investment ahead of future disasters. Led by FEMA, this new revolving loan fund will be eligible for mitigation projects and activities to increase resilience and mitigate the impacts of events such as drought, extreme heat, severe storms, wildfires, floods and earthquakes. This provides an opportunity to prioritize low-impact development, wildland-urban interface management, conservation areas, reconnection of floodplain and open space projects. These low-interest funds will allow for cities and states to repay the loan with savings from mitigation projects. It also gives states and localities the flexibility to respond to oncoming disasters without paying high-interest rates so they can invest in their communities – cutting the red tape of having to wait on the federal government. Planning ahead to prevent serious disruptions when a disaster strikes will reduce risks to people, property, and save taxpayer dollars.   
    Eligibility for Accessing Funds
    States, Federally recognized tribes that received a major disaster declaration pursuant to Section 401 of the Stafford Act, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the District of Columbia.
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  • Clean Water Action Section 319 – Nonpoint Source Program

    Section 319 funding supports the implementation of state nonpoint source management programs. In each state, a significant portion of funding goes to local watershed projects that control stormwater runoff. Many projects feature green and nature-based approaches such as rain gardens, bioswales, permeable pavement, and streambank restoration. Each state runs its own project solicitation process. Find your state nonpoint source program here.
    Match from other sources
    40% (can include in-kind contributions)
    Park Funding Use
    Capital/Land Acquisition
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  • Five Star and Urban Waters Restoration Program

    Co-sponsors, the EPA and the Urban Waters Federal Partnership, work to develop community capacity with modest financial and technical assistance to diverse local partnerships for urban restoration and education programs. Streambank and shoreline stabilization, stormwater management, urban tree canopy restoration, and projects to prevent trash in waterways are just a few of the projects awarded grants. The grants are administered by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation's (NFWF) Five Star and Urban Waters Restoration Grant Program.
    Match from other sources
    50 to 75%
    Park Funding Use
    Capital/Land Acquisition, Operations/Maintenance
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  • Flood Mitigation Assistance (FMA) Grant

    This competitive grant program provides funding for projects that reduce or eliminate the risk of repetitive flood damage to buildings insured by the National Flood Insurance Program. Flood Mitigation Assistance funds may be used for projects such as Project Scoping; Technical Assistance; Community Flood Mitigation Projects; Individual Structure/Property-Level Flood Mitigation Projects; and Management Costs.
    Match from other sources
    25%
    Park Funding Use
    Capital/Land Acquisition
    Eligibility for Accessing Funds
    State Governments, Local Governments
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Additional Resources

Case Studies

Extreme weather is increasingly taking its toll on cities. Low-income communities, which may have fewer trees and parks and more paved surfaces than wealthier, greener neighborhoods, are often hit hardest by flooding and temperatures 5 to 8 degrees hotter on average.

Parks, trees, and other urban greening play an important role in mitigating climate change and building resilience to natural disasters. They cool the air, absorb rainfall and protect against flooding. For more information on funding specifically for stormwater management and green infrastructure, see the Stormwater Management section of the Equitable Funding Hub.

Extreme heat is the greatest climate threat to human health. It is the number one weather-related killer in the U.S. — deadlier than all other weather-related causes combined. Heat-related deaths are climbing in regions like the Southwest U.S., where they have risen as much as 5 times since 2014. Trees reduce heat up to 10 degrees depending on their size, type, and location, and parks can reduce heat by 10 to 20 degrees, depending on similar factors.

Natural disasters like heat waves and floods often prove the turning point for significant investments in parks and green infrastructure, but many cities, states, and regions now want to invest in preparing for and reducing the impacts of climate change, not merely reacting to it.

According to FEMA, for every $1 spent on mitigation, taxpayers save $4 in recovery costs. The following sources fund adaptation and resilience, as well as disaster recovery.

Climate change mitigation reduces greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, either by preventing its release, such as reducing vehicle emissions, or removing carbon from the atmosphere, such as with tree planting.
Resilience and Adaptation refers to the process of identifying threats and taking action to reduce to them. Protecting land and planting trees can prevent flooding and reduce heat.
Disaster Recovery is investment made to recover from disasters after the fact and efforts to prevent future disasters.